In Italy, there are some specimens in the Alps (10-15 in 2007) and other very few specimens in Friuli – Venezia Giulia and Trentino. The two most successful projects have remained the Slovenian and Swiss ones, thanks to which two lynx populations have been established: one in the Dinaric mountains and in the South-Eastern Alps and one in the North-Western Alps. In the ’70s, after some first attempts, several European governments have tried to reintroduce some specimens. In fact, the lynx in Italy and Europe has been subjected, as well as other large carnivores, to long persecution by man, which has caused a significant reduction in its population. The reasons that led to a dramatic decline in European lynx populations between the 1800s and 1900s must be attributed to direct or indirect anthropic factors. The last evidence of lynx in the eastern part of the Alps dates back to 1837 in Cadore and 1872 in Alto Adige, while in the western part of the last century to the 1920s. Native lynx populations in Italy disappeared between the end of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century. In 2011 it has been determined the return of the Apennine gray wolf in the Gargano National Park where some researchers have confirmed the presence of at least one family nucleus. In 2010 there have been sporadic sightings of 3-4 specimens in the woods of the Monti Della Daunia in northern Apulia and 5 specimens on the Murge. In recent years some specimens have settled within the territory of the Regional Park of Castelli Romani. There have also been sightings in the Roman countryside, with a pack of 4-5 wolves. Since about 2010 has been recorded its return also in the Natural Park of Monti Aurunci. In Lazio it is present on the Apennine ridge: in the Park of Monti Simbruini, Monti della Tolfa, Monti Lepini and Monti Ausoni. The largest number of packs and specimens is present in Abruzzo, with the main nuclei in the area of the National Park of Abruzzo and in the sectors between the National Park of Gran Sasso and Monti Della Laga, the Majella National Park, and the National Park of Monti Sibillini and, in Calabria, in the Sila National Park in the Pollino National Park, in the Aspromonte National Park and in the Regional Natural Park of Serre the territory of Abruzzo, moreover, thanks to the presence of effective wildlife corridors, is the only one in the entire Apennines to allow movements by the wolf on the West-East axis and vice versa. Wolf in the wildlife park of Spormaggiore (author: Llorenzi) About twenty are instead those living on the border between Italy and Slovenia, with some of them having moved permanently to Veneto. About 60 Marsican bears live on the Central Apennines, in particular in the National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise. Currently, the population in the Central Alps is between 35 and 40 specimens. The First World War and poachers had decimated the population in the Central Alps and in the nineties of the last century there were very few specimens left, including old and sick ones. In Italy, there are three areas of distributions: one is in Trentino, in the Central Alps another one is in the Eastern Alps, on the border between Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Slovenia and the last one is in the Central Apennines, mostly inside the National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise. The operation was carried out thanks to the funding of the European Union and in collaboration with Slovenia, where bear hunting is allowed in order to keep the population of the animal below 450 units. Much of the credit for this repopulation is due to the operation “Life Ursus”, which took place between 19, through which Italy was able to capture ten bears (7 females and 3 males) on Slovenian territory and then release them in the country. Marsican brown bear (author: Marco Tersigni)Ĭurrently, in Italy, there are about 100 bears, but in the past, they seriously risked disappearing from Italian woods.
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